308 week 7, 56.1% in week 9, 83.3% in week 10, and 55.3% in week 12. Chi-square analyses and Fisher’s Exact Tests revealed no significant difference in city watering between the treatment and control group. Mean soil compaction for the 81 trees was 10.004 inches (standard deviation = 3.865). There was no significant difference in soil compaction between the treatment group [9.34 inches (23.72 cm)] and the control group [10.48 inches (26.62 cm)] (t = -1.315, df = 79, P = 0.192). For the 17 week period in which this study took place, the daily average precipita- tion was 0.07 inches (0.18 cm) (standard deviation: 0.17), the average daily temperature was 20.33°C (standard deviation: 6.8), and the average daily pan evaporation rate was 0.22 inches (0.56 cm) (standard deviation 0.06). Average weekly pan evaporation rates for the study period are presented in Figure 1. Survey response rates The response rate for the monthly watering sur- vey (distributed to the treatment group only) was highest in June (21.5%, n = 14), but decreased in July (18.5%; n = 12) and August (15.4%, n = 10). The response rate for the final survey was 39.5% (n = 45). A Fisher’s Exact Test found no significant differences in the final survey response rate be- tween the treatment and control group (P = 0.52). While a formal survey non-response follow- up was not conducted, non-response bias was checked by comparing survey response rate by Moskell et al.: Engaging Residents in Street Tree Ownership building type. A Fisher’s Exact Test revealed dif- ferences in survey response and building type (P = 0.085). The majority of respondents resided at single-family homes (60%, n = 27), whereas the majority of non-respondents (57.1%, n = 36) and refusals (66.7%, n = 4) resided at apartment buildings. Socio-demographics of final survey respon- dents The majority of respondents to the final survey were homeowners (76.3%, n = 29), aged 55+ (51.4%, n = 19), non-Hispanic/Latino (97.1%, n = 34), Cau- casian (85.7%, n = 30), and have an earned income of greater than USD $50,000 (68.8%, n = 22). There were no significant differences in home- ownership (χ2 (χ2 = 1.328, p = 0.249), race (χ2 or income (χ2 = 0.474, P = 0.491), ethnicity = 0.628, P = 0.428), = 0.121, P = 0.728) between final survey respondents in the treatment and control groups. A Fisher’s Exact Test showed no significant age differences between final survey respondents in the treatment and control groups (P = 0.35). Research Question 1: Outreach Inter- vention and Self-Reported Watering Behavior The majority of respondents to the monthly sur- veys (treatment group only) reported watering their trees in June (78.6%, n = 11), July (72.7%, n = 8), and August (60%, n = 6). On average, respondents Table 1. Distribution of trees across site types and distribution of tree species for the treatment and control groups. Cross- tabulations for the control and treatment groups present row percentages of total N. Total % (N) Site type Single-family home Multi-family home Commercial Species Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) Glenleven linden (Tilia cordata ‘Glenleven’) Amur maackia (Maackia amurensis) 35.8% (29) 33.3% (27) 30.9% (25) z Fisher’s Exact Test due to cell counts <5. ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture 41.4% (12) 51.9% (14) 32.0% (8) 58.6% (17) 48.1% (13) 68.0% (17) 64.2% (52) 24.7% (20) 11.1% (9) 38.5% (20) 40.0% (8) 66.7% (6) 61.5% (32) 60.0% (12) 33.3% (3) 2.08 z 0.36 Control % (n) 2.48z 0.31 Treatment χ2 P-value
September 2016
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