342 Mori et al.: Carbon Uptake and Air Pollution Mitigation of Different Evergreen Shrub Species performed by statistical methods may indicate the presence of two different sources for the studied metals. Cu use is widespread in Pescia in the flo- riculture industry. Ni is a micronutrient for plants and its presence may be related to soil fertilization practices (Barker and Pilbeam 2006). On this ba- sis, Group 1 may be classified as an “agriculture- related group.” Group 2 (Pb and Cd) can be attrib- uted to traffic emissions (Pulles et al. 2012). Since one of the aims of the research was to identify the possible pollution source, it appears important to consider not only the singular metal itself, but also relationships between different metals and characteristics of the sampling site. By compar- ing different methods the results are more reliable. CONCLUSION mation may be relevant for planners and technicians involved in the management of urban green areas. Elaeagnus × ebbingei had the highest carbon stor- The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the potential of some shrubs to sequester air pollutants and assimilate CO2 from the atmosphere. This infor- age under optimal water availability but revealed its inability to thrive also in drought-prone environ- ments. If water availability is a limiting factor in a site where a planting is designed, other species, such as P. × fraseri, A. unedo, and V. tinus, should be preferred. A clear discrimination among species regard- ing their relative capacity for deposition of trace metals was not obtained. However, E. × ebbingei had the highest whole-plant leaf deposition of all the measured metals, primar- ily because of its extremely fast growth rate. tion potential, and further research is needed to evaluate different species for different climatic areas. However, the results may offer initial insights ited number of shrub species were tested in this study of CO2 metal deposition potential of widely used shrubs for urban green areas in southern Europe. regarding CO2 Acknowledgments. Work was carried out within the project Quantitative Evaluation of Tree and Shrub Species in Order to Mitigate Pollution in the Urban and Periurban Environment, funded by the Ministry for Agricultural Food and Forestry Poli- cies (Mipaaf). We also acknowledge the support of Laboratorio per la Ricerca nel Settore Vivaistico-Ornamentale (LABVIVA) and Uniser Consortium Pistoia. ©2016 International Society of Arboriculture assimilation and trace The study authors are aware that only a lim- uptake and air pollution intercep- LITERATURE CITED Anicic, M., T. Spasic, M. Tomaševic, S. Rajšic, and M. Tasic. 2011. Trace element accumulation and temporal trends in leaves of urban deciduous trees (Aesculus hippocastanum and Tilia spp.). Ecological Indicators 11:824–830. 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Spatial at- tenuation of ambient particulate matter air pollution within an urbanized native forest patch. Urban Forestry & Urban Green- ing 8:21–30. Chaves, M., J. Flexas, and C. Pinheiro. 2008. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: Regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany 103:151–160. Chaves, M., J. Pereira, J. Maroco, M.L. Rodrigues, C.P.P. Ricardo, M.L. Osório, I. Carvalho, T. Faria, and C. Pinheiro. 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and field growth. Annals of Botany 89:907–916. Clemson Cooperative Extension. 2015. Red Tip Photinia. Duzgoren-Aydin, N.S., C.S.C. Wong, A. Aydin, Z. Song, M. You, and X.D. Li. 2006. Heavy metal contamination and distribution in the urban environment of Guangzhou, SE China. Environ- mental Geochemistry and Health 28:375–391.
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