Journal of Arboriculture 31(2): March 2005 79 the control treatment, with 10 cuttings allotted to each leaf size (Table 1). After auxin treatment, the cuttings were set in germination trays containing washed and sterilized river sand at the rate of 10 cuttings per tray. Thereafter, the trays were placed under a high-humidity propagator and watered in the morning and evening with a fine-meshed sprayer. The complete block design was used in setting the cuttings. Assessment was done after 60 days, for the following parameters: • percentage survival of cuttings • percentage of callused cuttings • percentage of rooted cuttings • number of roots per cutting • length of longest root per cutting The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS package. All percentile data were arc sine transformed before analysis. Table 1. Experimental design and allocation of treatment to cuttings. Cutting 50% leaf 30 30 30 100% leaf 30 30 30 Total 60 60 60 IBA NAA IBA/NAA Control Total 10 10 20 100 100 200 RESULTS Percentage Survival of Cuttings Table 2 gives the summary of percentage survival of cuttings under the different auxins and their concentrations. Percentage survival differed among the auxins and their levels. Also, leaf size influenced percentage survival of the cuttings under the different auxin treatments. Half-leaf cuttings had the highest mean percentage survival of 70% with NAA and the control followed by IBA with a value of 60%, while the lowest mean value of 40% was obtained with the combination of IBA/NAA. Among the full-leaf cuttings, the control and the combination of IBA/NAA had a mean percentage survival of 100%, followed by IBA with 80% and NAA with 40%. Mortality also differed among the auxins and leaf sizes. The highest mean percentage mortality of 60% was re- corded among half-leaf cuttings receiving NAA treatments and the combination of IBA/NAA, while the lowest mean value of 30% was obtained with the control and NAA. Mortality among the full-leaf cuttings was highest for NAA and IBA/NAA (60%), while the control had 0%. Percentage survival for the different auxin levels also differed. IBA at 50 ppm had 80% survival for full-leaf cuttings, while NAA at 50 ppm had 70% survival for full-leaf cuttings. The combina- tion of IBA/NAA at 50 ppm had 100% survival for full-leaf cuttings. IBA at 150 ppm had 60% survival for half-leaf cuttings, while NAA at 150 ppm had 70% survival for half- leaf cuttings. The combination of IBA/NAA at 100 ppm and 150 ppm had 50% survival each for half-leaf cuttings. Auxin type, concentration of auxin, and leaf area of cuttings, as well as interaction between auxin and leaf size and between auxin concentration and leaf size, had significant effect on the survival of the cuttings. (Table 3) Percentage of Callused Cuttings Callusing of cuttings was also affected by the different auxin treatments (Table 2). Among the auxin treatments used on full-leaf cuttings, the combination of IBA/NAA had the highest mean percentage of callused cuttings (100%), followed by the control with 90%; the least mean value of 40% was obtained with NAA. Callusing among the half-leaf cuttings was highest for the control and NAA (70%), and the lowest mean value of 30% was obtained with NAA. Among the auxin levels, NAA at 150 ppm produced the highest mean percentage of callused cuttings (70%) among half-leaf cuttings, followed by IBA at 150 ppm, with 60%; the lowest mean value of 30% was obtained with NAA at 50 ppm. Among the full-leaf cuttings, the highest percentage of callused cuttings (100%) was observed under the combina- tion of IBA/NAA at 50 ppm followed by the control at 90%, while the lowest value of 40% was observed under NAA at 150 ppm and IBA/NAA at 100 ppm. Percentage of Rooted Cuttings The effect of auxin type, auxin concentration, leaf size, interaction between auxin type and concentration, interac- tion between auxin type and leaf size, and interaction between auxin concentration and leaf size failed to show any significant effect on percentage rooting of the cuttings (Table 3). The percentage of rooted cuttings was affected by the IBA treatment only. Full-leaf cuttings treated with IBA at 50 ppm and the control showed the highest percentage of rooted cuttings of 10% each. Rooting was not observed for any half-leaf cutting nor for any auxin treatment or auxin level. Number and Lengths of Roots per Cutting The effects of auxin type, auxin concentration, and leaf size, as well as the interaction between the auxin type and concentration, the auxin type and leaf size, and the auxin concentration and leaf size were not significant on the number and length of roots per cutting of E. chlorantha (Table 3). The highest number of roots (3) and largest length (3 cm [1.2 in.]) of roots were obtained among full-leaf cuttings under the control treatment followed by full-leaf cuttings treated with IBA at 50 ppm, with values of 1 and 0.6 cm [0.24 in.] for root number and length of root, respec- tively. Rooting was not obtained with the other treatments. ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2005
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