98 Research Note ARBORICULTURAL ABSTRACTS INOCULUM OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI FOR PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: SCIENCE MEETS BUSINESS Silvio Gianinazzi and Miroslav Vosátka The development of an industrial activity producing microbial inocula is a complex procedure that involves for companies not only the development of the necessary biotechnological know-how, but also the ability to respond to the specifically related legal, ethical, educational, and commercial require- ments. At present, commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inocula are produced in nursery plots, containers with different substrates and plants, aeroponic systems, or, more recently, in vitro. Different formulated products are available on the market, which creates the need for the establishment of standards for widely accepted quality control. Progress should be made towards registration procedures that stimulate the development of the mycorrhizal industry. Biotechnology science linked to this industrial activity needs to be reinforced, particularly with regards to (i) the develop- ment of molecular probes for monitoring arbuscular mycor- rhizal inocula in the field, (ii) increasing knowledge on the ecophysiology of AM fungi in anthropogenically disturbed ecosystems and on the interactions of AM fungi with other rhizosphere microbes, and (iii) selection of new plant varieties with enhanced mycorrhizal traits and of AM fungi with new symbiotic traits. However, one of the main tasks for both producers and researchers is to raise awareness in the public about potentials of mycorrhizal technology for sustainable plant production and soil conservation. (Can. J. Bot. 2004. 82(8):1264–1271) BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF GYPCHEK AGAINST A LOW-DENSITY, LEADING-EDGE GYPSY MOTH POPULATION R.E. Webb, G.B. White, T. Sukontarak, J.D. Podgwaite, D. Schumacher, A. Diss, and R.C. Reardon The USDA’s Slow-the-Spread (STS) program seeks to retard the continued spread of the gypsy moth using ecologically desirable treatments such as Gypchek. At “trace” population levels, evaluation of treatment success by defoliation reduction, egg mass reduction, burlap counts, or larval collection is not feasible. We adapted the “bugs-in-bags” technique to evaluate an operational application of Gypchek against trace populations of gypsy moths in Wisconsin, an STS area. Late first- or early second-instar gypsy moth larvae were placed, 1 per bag or 10 per bag, in sleeve cages placed over treated foliage 1 hr post-treatment. Mortality observed for larvae placed 10 per bag was equivalent to that recorded for larvae placed 1 per bag, and both should approximate the mortality occurring to the larvae scattered in nature. A single application of Gypchek applied in 9.5 L of Carrier 038 at 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectacre was found to induce a higher rate of infection in blocks treated in the early morning than in blocks treated later in the morning, correlating significantly with a lowering of relative humidity and an increase in temperature and wind speed. Recorded levels of efficacy (24% to 67%) did not meet quarantine objectives; however, Gypchek, which kills only the gypsy moth, remains a product of choice by many land managers for use in certain environmentally sensitive areas. These results provide such land managers with a realistic assessment of the level of efficacy that can be expected from this formulation of Gypchek used at the currently recom- mended dose. (North. J. Appl. For. 2004. 21(3):144–149) ©2005 International Society of Arboriculture
March 2005
| Title Name |
Pages |
Delete |
Url |
| Empty |
Search Text Block
Page #page_num
#doc_title
Hi $receivername|$receiveremail,
$sendername|$senderemail wrote these comments for you:
$message
$sendername|$senderemail would like for you to view the following digital edition.
Please click on the page below to be directed to the digital edition:
$thumbnail$pagenum
$link$pagenum
Your form submission was a success. You will be contacted by Washington Gas with follow-up information regarding your request.
This process might take longer please wait
